Stroustrup is the designer and first implementor of the C++ programming language
Coplien is the author of some excellent C++ books. This page includes several downloadable papers written by Coplien.
Andrew Koenig is the project editor of the ISO/ANSI standards committee for C++. He has also authored a bunch of good books.
Answers to frequently asked questions about the C++ language
FAQ (or actually, an index) of third party C++ libraries.
The C++ standard can be purchased online. Note that this is more like a legal document than a textbook. If you just want a good reference, see the Josuttis book "The C++ Standard Library" or Bjarne Stroustrup's "The C++ Programming Language". If you want a free of the standard, version, the next best thing is ...
This is the 1996 draft standard. Note that they don't have STL yet.
A page with a bunch of information about C++
Includes reference documentation on the STL.
Bruce Eckel has written some nice introductory texts on the topics of C++ and java programming. They are available as online books.