ACADEMY OF SAINT GABRIEL REPORT 3389 http://www.s-gabriel.org/3389 ************************************ 04 Mar 2009 From: Julia Smith Greetings from the Academy of Saint Gabriel! You asked for help with a name for a sixteenth century French abbess incorporating forms of , , and . Specifically, you wanted to know if would be suitable, and if not whether the given name or and the byname or is appropriate. Here is the information we have found. We'll begin by discussing each name element you asked about, then discuss how they could be put together in a single name. As you observe, and share an origin. The most common form of the name in sixteenth century French is or [1, 2]. The feminine name or was also in use in the sixteenth century [3]. If you are interested in other sixteenth century feminine names related to or , we also found in Normandy and , , and in Brittany [4, 5]. (more commonly ) was probably used as a masculine name in medieval France. However, it seems to have fallen out of use before the 16th century [6]. Moreover, we have no evidence that a feminine form of the name was ever in use in France. Therefore, we cannot recommend it for you. We found no evidence that was used as a given name before the 19th century [7]. While was used as an allegorical reference to Elizabeth I by Edmund Spenser in _The Faerie Queene_, it does not seem to have been used as a personal name either [8]. Forms of were used, however, as bynames. We have found the byname , but only in England; it would not make a suitable surname for a 16th century French abbess [9]. There are various modern French surnames that take a form like Gloria [10] One of them is found in the sixteenth century as or [2]. In addition, a byname was used in 1438 and may well have continued into the sixteenth century [11]. Finally there is a place in southern France called , from which a sixteenth century byname could be formed [12]. There is a modern place on the border between Normandy and Brittany, which is found as , , and in the fifteenth century; we believe that the byname or derived from that place is appropriate for the sixteenth century [13]. Now to name construction: By far the most common pattern for women's names in sixteenth century France was a single given name and byname or inherited surname [1, 2, 3]. or would match this pattern; note that there are other names we recommend above that are also appropriate. There are a few examples of people with two inherited surnames, which may be used interchangeably, one after another, or in the form , but we do not recommend you do so, because it is so very rare [3, 14]. Likewise, we do not recommend that you use two given names, as this practice was exceedingly rare before 1600 [15]. I was assisted in writing this letter by Leonor Ruiz de Liso/n, Bronwyn ferch Gwyn ap Rhys, Aryanhwy merch Catmael, Adelaide de Beaumont, Talan Gwynek, and Ursula Georges. For the Academy, Russ The Monk and Juliana de Luna 4 March 2009 References: ------------------------------------------------------ [1] Uckelman, Sara L., "Names from Artois, 1601" (WWW: Self-published, 2002, 2004). http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/french1601.html [3] Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Names Found in Ambleny Registers 1578-1616" (WWW: Academy of S. Gabriel, 2005-2006), version 1.2, updated 01 June 2006. http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Ambleny/ [4] Cateline de la Mor, "Sixteenth Century Norman Names" (SCA: KWHS Proceedings, 1994; WWW: Academy of Saint Gabriel, 1997). http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/cateline/norman16.html [5] Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "Given Names from Brittany, 1384-1600" (WWW: Academy of S. Gabriel, 2001). http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/latebreton/ [6] This name appears in various forms earlier in the Middle Ages. and are found in southern France in the 13th century [16, 17]. The Latinized was found in Brittany in the 11th - 12th centuries [18]. However, we could not find it in use in France after about 1300 or so. [7] Withycombe, E.G., _The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, 3rd ed._ (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), s.n. Gloria. [8] Mehl, Dieter, "Edmund Spenser's Gloriana: Elizabeth as "Faerie Queene." In _Queen Elizabeth I: Past and Present_ (Christa Jansohn, ed.), LIT Verlag, Berlin, 2004. [9] Reaney, P. H., & R. M. Wilson, _A Dictionary of English Surnames_ (London: Routledge, 1991; Oxford University Press, 1995), s.n. Glory [10] Dauzat, Albert, _Dictionnaire Etymologique des Noms de Famille et Prenoms de France_ (Paris: Libraire Larousse, 1987). s.nn. Gloria, Glorian [11] Morlet, Marie-Therese, _Etude d'anthroponymie picarde, les noms de personne en Haute Picardie aux XIIIe, XIVe, XVe siecles_ (Amiens, Musee de Picardie, 1967). p.371. [12] This spelling is found in the late fourtheenth century in _Proceso contra el Rey de Mallorca D. Jaime III, mandado formar por el Rey D. Pedro IV de Aragon_, edited by Manuel de Bofarull y de Sartorio, Imprenta del Archivo, Barcelona, 1886, vol 3, p. 102. [13] D'Escouchy, Mathieu (G. du Fresne de Beaucourt, ed.), 1863, Chronique de Matheiu d'Escouchy. Paris: Charles Lahure et Co (http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=kfkUAAAAQAAJ); the forms of the names are found in 1448 and 1449. [14] Uckelman, Sara L., "Late Period French Feminine Names" (WWW: Self-published, 2005). http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/latefrench.html [15] Perouas, L., B. Barrie\re, B., J. Boutier; J.-C. Peyronnet, & J. Tricard, _Le/onard, Marie, Jean et les Autres: Les Pre/noms en Limousin depuis un Mille/naire (Paris: E/ditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1984), p.12 and following. The authors mention a handful of isolated examples in 16th century Limousin, but quote an author from 1695 saying that double given names or middle names were an innovation around 1600. [16] Arval Benicoeur, "French Names from Two Thirteenth Century Chronicles" (WWW: Academy of Saint Gabriel, 1997). http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/crusades/ [17] Ramons lo Montalbes, "French/Occitan Names From The XII And XIII Century" (WWW: Academy of Saint Gabriel, 1997). http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ramon/occitan [18] Jones, Heather Rose, "Early Medieval Breton Names," (WWW: Self Published, 2004). http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/EarlyMedievalBreton.html