MBDA just demonstrated an over-the-shoulder shot with their ASRAAM IIR AAAM, using its using the lock-after launch mode.

It’s a neat trick, and one of the arguments that the ASRAAM people have used, suggesting that its relative lack of maneuverability off the rail is more than made up for by its superior end-game kinematics, but one wonders how the launch aircraft would get targeting data in a real combat situation, unless, of course, it has the small stinger mounted radar of the Su-27 series.