For about a half an hour there, the net looked like it was
going to revolutionize the news business. If everyone could
be a reporter and a publisher, then the dominance of Big
Media would be broken in favor of an Internet full of the
rough equivalent of camcorders.
It didn't happen. It won't happen. And that's good.
The latest counts say there are something like 15 million
people on the Internet. It seems self-evident-but maybe it
isn't-that you can't trust them all. And even if the
intentions of all 15 million people were honorable, isn't
it obvious that everything they all say wouldn't
necessarily be true?
Any publishing company worth the cover price of one of its
products understands that those products need to be seen as
trusted sources of independent information. That's why The
New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, NetGuide Magazine,
and any other decent publication survives: People trust
what they read in it. That can be information of global
import, like the Pentagon Papers, or it could be as trivial
as accurate movie listings. But if readers don't trust a
source of information, it won't survive long. Whether that
source is a commercial institution or an individual, it
eventually will be ignored.
Don't confuse "trusted" with "unbiased," incidentally. Some
of the best journalism of this century took passionate
points of view. But all great journalism is supported by
facts and reputation. Somewhere in the chain, readers need
to have a reason to believe what's being presented. Without
that reason, there's scant difference between Rachel
Carson's Silent Spring and Dave Rhodes' "Make Money Fast."
The difference is frequently blurred on Usenet. All it
takes to post to one of the 20,000 or so newsgroups is a
net connection and a suppressed capacity for embarrassment.
What was once a moderately reliable, if somewhat eccentric,
place to exchange information about topics of common
interest has devolved into a swamp of rants and
pseudo-data. There are havens, but they are few. Usenet
demonstrates in a particularly ugly way what can happen
with the democratization of information.
Better are discussion forums on commercial online services.
Maybe it's because people pay by the minute. Maybe it's
because the forums on these services are actually owned and
operated by entrepreneurs, who have a vested ownership
interest in keeping the noise down.
Think about it. Without personal knowledge of the writer
and the writer's experience, which are you more likely to
believe: something you see at www.nando.net or
www.nytimes.com, or something you read on rec.pets.cats?
This is where the branding of information is important. An
established news organization, one with a payroll, loyal
readers, and advertisers, has lots more to lose than
c00ld00d@aol.com if it puts out incorrect information.
A perfect case in point is the Motley Fool forum on America
Online. Motley Fool is a somewhat unbuttoned and
unconventional stock market special-interest area. Among
the stocks that are discussed widely on the Fool is Iomega
Corp., a disk-drive maker.
Iomega has been around for more than a decade and has had
its share of ups and downs. Its stock has shown
considerable volatility in recent months, apparently due at
least in part to discussion of the company on Motley Fool.
People posting to the Fool may or may not know more about
Iomega than anyone else. That's not really the issue. What
matters is what people believe the posters know. If you
have a lot of money riding on a volatile stock, it's
tempting to believe what's presented to you as inside
information, even if it comes from c00ld00d.
In many places on the net, pieces of information sit next
to each other, regardless of source or reliability. Run a
Yahoo! or AltaVista search on a medical topic. You'll get
information listed in uncritical order, placing
authoritative material from the surgeon general right below
a sales pitch from some quack with a net connection. How do
you quickly tell the difference?
Does that mean you should only trust "branded" information?
Not at all. Aaron Barnhart's reporting about late night
television is some of the best in the business, but
Barnhart has no traditional press credentials. Most of the
best reporting about the Communications Decency Act is
coming from people not affiliated with conventional news
sources: Declan McCullagh, host of the "fight-censorship"
mailing list, Mike Godwin, general counsel for the
Electronic Frontier Foundation, and Aaron Dickey, who toils
away compiling stock tables for the Associated Press.
None of these people are particularly unbiased. Barnhart
started his reportage as pretty much a fan newsletter about
David Letterman. McCullagh is not only outspoken against
the CDA, he's a plaintiff in the lawsuit seeking to have it
struck down. Godwin, also involved in the CDA suit, and
Dickey continue to do exceptional work discrediting the
infamous Marty Rimm cyberporn "study" and the religious
right's campaign against the net.
But how do you distinguish the McCullaghs from the Rimms,
the c00ld00ds from the surgeons general? Either everyone
spends time getting smarter about the way information is
gathered and distributed or we have some entity-a person, a
bot, a committee-look at the stuff and put imprimaturs on
it.
Of course, we already have people like that, who pass
judgment for other people on the quality of available
information. They're called editors. Their imprimatur is
frequently called a publication. And again, we're back to
the question of branded vs. unbranded information.
Hackers like to say that information wants to be free, both
in the sense of "liberated" and "for no charge." That may
be true. But editors and branding cost money. Most of the
online information you can trust was paid for by someone.
You may be consuming it for free, but the board of
directors of Time Warner knows all too well that Pathfinder
has cost it $40 million. Time Warner is actively looking
for ways to make the net into a financially responsible
enterprise. If it can't find it, Pathfinder will go away.
If you want information you can rely on, either you will
have to pay for it or someone else (like an advertiser)
will. This, of course, is how the publishing business
works: Advertisers carry most of the freight while readers
pay a nominal fee for access to the information.
Think of information on the net as one infinite row of
those coin-operated boxes that sell newspapers on the
street. Everyone who wants a box can have one. You, as an
information consumer, can pick from any and all of them.
How can you choose? You can pick names you recognize, stuff
that sounds interesting, or publications that simply look
good. How reliable is the information? Your guess is as
good as mine. I'd be more inclined to rely on a publication
with known editors and big-name advertisers than a
thrice-photocopied manifesto. Then again, I'm in the
magazine business, not the manifesto business. I'll read a
manifesto-hell, I'll read anything-but I doubt that I'd
trust it.
Big Media exists because people trust it and are willing to
pay for it. C00ld00d exists because he's willing to pay for
his connect time. It's doubtful that anyone would pay to
read his rants. The camcorder approach to information has
its place, and is where a lot of the excitement about the
net comes from. Always be asking yourself about what you're
reading and why it was put out there. And remember that
good information always has a price.